Tuesday, December 5, 2023

Programming languages for artificial intelligence 2023

Introduction

About 18 months ago I posted this article, where I reported on the results of a meta-analysis I had done on the popularity of different programming languages in AI. That analysis included articles across several years. In this update, I have restricted the analysis to articles published in 2023.

Methodology

Despite the restriction of articles published only in 2023, the data I used in this analysis came from 33 different articles. Each article was from a different author, to prevent duplication. Where several languages were ranked the same on the list, I recorded them as separate entries with the same rank.

I analysed the lists in three ways:

  1. The frequency at which a language appeared in the lists, regardless of position on the list;
  2. The median rank assigned to each language across all lists in which it appears, and;
  3. A weighted median rank, where the median rank of the language was weighted according to the frequency at which it appeared in lists. This corrects for outliers that were highly ranked on only a small number of lists.
Results

The lists were of varying lengths, the minimum was three and the maximum was 11. The most frequent list length was five, with a mean and median of seven. Below are the top ten ranked languages, for each analysis method.

  1. Python
  2. Java
  3. C++
  4. R
  5. JavaScript
  6. Lisp
  7. Julia
  8. Prolog
  9. Scala
  10. Haskell

  1. Python
  2. Java
  3. React
  4. Wolfram
  5. C++
  6. R
  7. JavaScript
  8. Lisp
  9. Matlab
  10. Julia

Note that this is only the median rank of languages, regardless of how frequently they are listed. This has the effect of pushing some languages, such as React, higher up the list than they would otherwise be. This is corrected by the weighted median rank.

  1. Python
  2. Java
  3. C++
  4. R
  5. JavaScript
  6. Lisp
  7. Julia
  8. Prolog
  9. Scala
  10. Haskell
As this listing accounts for both rankings of language, and the frequency at which the language appears in the articles, I consider this to be the most informative.



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