IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems; Volume 26, Issue 7, July 2015

1. Adaptive Output-Feedback Neural Control of Switched Uncertain Nonlinear Systems With Average Dwell Time
Author(s): Lijun Long; Jun Zhao
Page(s): 1350 - 1362

2. A Neurodynamic Optimization Method for Recovery of Compressive Sensed Signals With Globally Converged Solution Approximating to  l_{0} Minimization
Author(s): Chengan Guo; Qingshan Yang
Page(s): 1363 - 1374

3. Nonlinear Topological Component Analysis: Application to Age-Invariant Face Recognition
Author(s): Djamel Bouchaffra
Page(s): 1375 - 1387

4. FREL: A Stable Feature Selection Algorithm
Author(s): Yun Li; Jennie Si; Guojing Zhou; Shasha Huang; Songcan Chen
Page(s): 1388 - 1402

5. Incremental Support Vector Learning for Ordinal Regression
Author(s): Bin Gu; Victor S. Sheng; Keng Yeow Tay; Walter Romano; Shuo Li
Page(s): 1403 - 1416

6. On Equivalence of FIS and ELM for Interpretable Rule-Based Knowledge Representation
Author(s): Shen Yuong Wong; Keem Siah Yap; Hwa Jen Yap; Shing Chiang Tan; Siow Wee Chang
Page(s): 1417 - 1430

7. Exponential Stabilization of Memristor-based Chaotic Neural Networks with Time-Varying Delays via Intermittent Control
Author(s): Guodong Zhang; Yi Shen
Page(s): 1431 - 1441

8. An Interval Type-2 Neural Fuzzy System for Online System Identification and Feature Elimination
Author(s): Chin-Teng Lin; Nikhil R. Pal; Shang-Lin Wu; Yu-Ting Liu; Yang-Yin Lin
Page(s): 1442 - 1455

9. Finite-Horizon Approximate Optimal Guaranteed Cost Control of Uncertain Nonlinear Systems With Application to Mars Entry Guidance
Author(s): Huai-Ning Wu; Mao-Mao Li; Lei Guo
Page(s): 1456 - 1467

10. Multitask Classification Hypothesis Space With Improved Generalization Bounds
Author(s): Cong Li; Michael Georgiopoulos; Georgios C. Anagnostopoulos
Page(s): 1468 - 1479

11. Stability Analysis of Distributed Delay Neural Networks Based on Relaxed Lyapunov–Krasovskii Functionals
Author(s): Baoyong Zhang; James Lam; Shengyuan Xu
Page(s): 1480 - 1492

12. Lag Synchronization of Switched Neural Networks via Neural Activation Function and Applications in Image Encryption
Author(s): Shiping Wen; Zhigang Zeng; Tingwen Huang; Qinggang Meng; Wei Yao
Page(s): 1493 - 1502

13. Dynamic Uncertain Causality Graph for Knowledge Representation and Probabilistic Reasoning: Directed Cyclic Graph and Joint Probability Distribution
Author(s): Qin Zhang
Page(s): 1503 - 1517

14. The Connection Between Bayesian Estimation of a Gaussian Random Field and RKHS
Author(s): Aleksandr Y. Aravkin; Bradley M. Bell; James V. Burke; Gianluigi Pillonetto
Page(s): 1518 - 1524

15. Discrete-Time Zhang Neural Network for Online Time-Varying Nonlinear Optimization With Application to Manipulator Motion Generation
Author(s): Long Jin; Yunong Zhang
Page(s): 1525 - 1531

16. Adaptive NN Control of a Class of Nonlinear Systems With Asymmetric Saturation Actuators
Author(s): Jianjun Ma; Shuzhi Sam Ge; Zhiqiang Zheng; Dewen Hu
Page(s): 1532 - 1538

17. Phase Oscillatory Network and Visual Pattern Recognition
Author(s): Rosangela Follmann; Elbert E. N. Macau; Epaminondas Rosa, Jr.; Jose R. C. Piqueira
Page(s): 1539 - 1544

18. Optoelectronic Systems Trained With Backpropagation Through Time
Author(s): Michiel Hermans; Joni Dambre; Peter Bienstman
Page(s): 1545 - 1550

19. Ordinal Distance Metric Learning for Image Ranking
Author(s): Changsheng Li; Qingshan Liu; Jing Liu; Hanqing Lu
Page(s): 1551 - 1559

20. Neural Feedback Passivity of Unknown Nonlinear Systems via Sliding Mode Technique
Author(s): Wen Yu
Page(s): 1560 - 1566

21. A Spiking Neural Simulator Integrating Event-Driven and Time-Driven Computation Schemes Using Parallel CPU-GPU Co-Processing: A Case Study
Author(s): Francisco Naveros; Niceto R. Luque; Jesus A. Garrido; Richard R. Carrillo; Mancia Anguita; Eduardo Ros
Page(s): 1567 - 1574

22. A Deterministic Analysis of an Online Convex Mixture of Experts Algorithm
Author(s): Huseyin Ozkan; Mehmet A. Donmez; Sait Tunc; Suleyman S. Kozat
Page(s): 1575 - 1580

IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games, Volume 7, Number 2, June 2015

1. Equivalence Classes in Chinese Dark Chess Endgames
Author(s): Chen, J.-C.; Lin, T.-Y.; Chen, B.-N.; Hsu, T.
Page(s): 109-122

2. Creating Autonomous Adaptive Agents in a Real-Time First-Person Shooter Computer Game
Author(s): Wang, D.; Tan, A.-H.
Page(s): 123-138

3. Integrated Approach to Personalized Procedural Map Generation Using Evolutionary Algorithms
Author(s): Raffe, W.L.; Zambetta, F.; Li, X.; Stanley, K.O.
Page(s): 139-155

4. Stronger Virtual Connections in Hex
Author(s): Pawlewicz, J.; Hayward, R.; Henderson, P.; Arneson, B.
Page(s): 156-166

5. MCTS-Minimax Hybrids
Author(s): Baier, H.; Winands, M.H.M.
Page(s): 167-179

6. Adaptive Shooting for Bots in First Person Shooter Games Using Reinforcement Learning
Author(s): Glavin, F.G.; Madden, M.G.
Page(s): 180-192

7. Fast Algorithm for Catching a Prey Quickly in Known and Partially Known Game Maps
Author(s): Baier, J.A.; Botea, A.; Harabor, D.; Hernandez, C.
Page(s): 193-199

8. Memory-Efficient Method for Fast Computation of Short 15-Puzzle Solutions
Author(s): Parberry, I.
Page(s): 200-203

Deadline extension IEEE SSCI 2015

The deadline for submitting papers to the IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (IEEE SSCI) 2015 has been extended to July 14, 2015. No further extensions will be possible. This conference will be held in Cape Town, South Africa, December 7-10, 2015.

Reminder: conference paper deadline for TAAI 2015

A reminder that the deadline for submitting papers to the 2015 Conference on Technologies and Applications of Artificial Intelligence (TAAI 2015) is July 12, 2015. This conference will be held in Tainan, Taiwan, November 20-22, 2015.

Reminder: conference paper deadline for BESC 2015

A reminder that the paper submission deadline for Behavioral, Economic and Socio-Cultural Computing (BESC) 2015 is 17 June, 2015. This conference will be held in Nanjing, China, 30 October - 1 November, 2015.

Reminder: conference paper deadline for ICICIP 2015

A reminder that the deadline for submitting paper to the Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Control and Information Processing (ICICIP) 2015 is June 15, 2015. This conference will be held in Wuhan, China, November 26-28, 2015.

Reminder: paper submission deadline: IEEE SSCI 2015

A reminder that the deadline for submitting papers to the IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (IEEE SSCI) 2015 is June 14, 2015. This conference will be held in Cape Town, South Africa, December 7-10, 2015.

Reminder: submission deadline for SMAP 2015

A reminder that the paper submission deadline for the 10th International Workshop on Semantic and Social Media Adaptation and Personalization (SMAP) 2015 is June 12, 2015. This conference will be held in  Trento, Italy, November 5-6, 2015.

Neural Networks, Volume 68, Pages 1-110, August 2015

1. Periodic solution for state-dependent impulsive shunting inhibitory CNNs with time-varying delays 
Author(s): Mustafa Saylı, Enes Yılmaz
Pages: 1-11

2. Discontinuous Lyapunov approach to state estimation and filtering of jumped systems with sampled-data  
Author(s): Xiaoyang Liu, Wenwu Yu, Jinde Cao, Shun Chen
Pages: 12-22

3. Computer aided diagnosis of schizophrenia on resting state fMRI data by ensembles of ELM 
Author(s): Darya Chyzhyk, Alexandre Savio, Manuel Grana
Pages: 23-33

4. Almost periodic solutions for a memristor-based neural networks with leakage, time-varying and distributed delays 
Author(s): Ping Jiang, Zhigang Zeng, Jiejie Chen
Pages: 34-45

5. Set selection dynamical system neural networks with partial memories, with applications to Sudoku and KenKen puzzles 
Author(s): B. Boreland, G. Clement, H. Kunze
Pages: 46-51

6. Multistability in a class of stochastic delayed Hopfield neural networks 
Author(s): Wu-Hua Chen, Shixian Luo, Xiaomei Lu
Pages: 52-61

7. Analysis of connectivity in NeuCube spiking neural network models trained on EEG data for the understanding of functional changes in the brain: A case study on opiate dependence treatment 
Author(s): Elisa Capecci, Nikola Kasabov, Grace Y. Wang
Pages: 62-77

8. Global asymptotical image -periodicity of a fractional-order non-autonomous neural networks 
Author(s): Boshan Chen, Jiejie Chen
Pages: 78-88

9. The transfer function of neuron spike 
Author(s): Igor Palmieri, Luiz H.A. Monteiro, Maria D. Miranda
Pages: 89-95

10. Periodic synchronization control of discontinuous delayed networks by using extended Filippov-framework 
Author(s): Zuowei Cai, Lihong Huang, Zhenyuan Guo, Lingling Zhang, Xuting Wan
Pages: 96-110

IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, Volume 19, Number 3, June 2015

1. Automatic Design of a Hyper-Heuristic Framework With Gene Expression Programming for Combinatorial Optimization Problems
Author(s): Sabar, N.R.; Ayob, M.; Kendall, G.; Qu, R.
Page(s): 309 - 325

2. Semantic Backpropagation for Designing Search Operators in Genetic Programming
Author(s): Pawlak, T.P.; Wieloch, B.; Krawiec, K.
Page(s): 326 - 340

3. Tuning Optimization Algorithms Under Multiple Objective Function Evaluation Budgets
Author(s): Dymond, A.S.; Engelbrecht, A.P.; Kok, S.; Heyns, P.S.
Page(s): 341 - 358

4. Analysis of Cartesian Genetic Programming’s Evolutionary Mechanisms
Author(s): Goldman, B.W.; Punch, W.F.
Page(s): 359 - 373

5. An Effective Method for Evolving Reaction Networks in Synthetic Biochemical Systems
Author(s): Dinh, H.Q.; Aubert, N.; Noman, N.; Fujii, T.; Rondelez, Y.; Iba, H.
Page(s): 374 - 386

6. Social Networks and Asset Price Dynamics
Author(s): Yeh, C.; Yang, C.
Page(s): 387 - 399

7. An Algorithm for Many-Objective Optimization With Reduced Objective Computations: A Study in Differential Evolution
Author(s): Bandyopadhyay, S.; Mukherjee, A.
Page(s): 400 - 413

8. Locating Multiple Optimal Solutions of Nonlinear Equation Systems Based on Multiobjective Optimization
Author(s): Song, W.; Wang, Y.; Li, H.; Cai, Z.
Page(s): 414 - 431

9. Evolutionary Approach to Approximate Digital Circuits Design
Author(s): Vasicek, Z.; Sekanina, L.
Page(s): 432 - 444

10. A Decomposition-Based Evolutionary Algorithm for Many Objective Optimization
Author(s): Asafuddoula, M.; Ray, T.; Sarker, R.
Page(s): 445 - 460

IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, Volume 23, Issue 3, June 2015

1. Fuzzy Robust Control for an Uncertain Switched Dual-Channel Closed-Loop Supply Chain Model
Author(s): Zhang, S.; Zhao, X.
Page(s): 485 - 500

2. Decentralized Adaptive Fuzzy Tracking Control for Robot Finger Dynamics
Author(s): Zhou, Q.; Li, H.; Shi, P.
Page(s): 501 - 510

3. Two-Step Stability Analysis for General Polynomial-Fuzzy-Model-Based Control Systems
Author(s): Lam, H.K.; Wu, L.; Lam, J.
Page(s): 511 - 524

4. A Robust $H_{infty}$ Non-PDC Design Scheme for Singularly Perturbed T–S Fuzzy Systems With Immeasurable State Variables
Author(s): Asemani, M.H.; Majd, V.J.
Page(s): 525 - 541

5. Atanassov's Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Linguistic Multicriteria Group Decision-Making Method Based on the Trapezium Cloud Model
Author(s): Wang, J.; Wang, P.; Wang, J.; Zhang, H.; Chen, X.
Page(s): 542 - 554

6. Fuzzy Approximation-Based Adaptive Backstepping Control of an Exoskeleton for Human Upper Limbs
Author(s): Li, Z.; Su, C.; Li, G.; Su, H.
Page(s): 555 - 566

7. Fuzzy-Model-Based Quantized Guaranteed Cost Control of Nonlinear Networked Systems
Author(s): Lu, R.; Cheng, H.; Bai, J.
Page(s): 567 - 575

8. Using Data Merging Techniques for Generating Multidocument Summarizations
Author(s): Van Britsom, D.; Bronselaer, A.; De Tre, G.
Page(s): 576 - 592

9. $H_infty$ Fuzzy Control for a Class of Nonlinear Coupled ODE-PDE Systems With Input Constraint
Author(s): Wu, H.; Zhu, H.; Wang, J.
Page(s): 593 - 604

10. Decentralized Robust Fuzzy Adaptive Control of Humanoid Robot Manipulation With Unknown Actuator Backlash
Author(s): Liu, Z.; Chen, C.; Zhang, Y.
Page(s): 605 - 616

11. Approximating Arbitrary Fuzzy Subsets by Extensional Ones
Author(s): Mattioli, G.; Recasens, J.
Page(s): 617 - 626

12. An Efficient LS-SVM-Based Method for Fuzzy System Construction
Author(s): Zhao, W.; Zhang, J.; Li, K.
Page(s): 627 - 643

13. Design and Experimental Implementation of DTC of an Induction Machine Based on Fuzzy Logic Control on FPGA
Author(s): Gdaim, S.; Mtibaa, A.; Mimouni, M.F.
Page(s): 644 - 655

14. Fuzzy Portfolio Allocation Models Through a New Risk Measure and Fuzzy Sharpe Ratio
Author(s): Nguyen, T.T.; Gordon-Brown, L.; Khosravi, A.; Creighton, D.; Nahavandi, S.
Page(s): 656 - 676

15. Obstacle Avoidance Method for Wheeled Mobile Robots Using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Neural Network
Author(s): Kim, C.; Chwa, D.
Page(s): 677 - 687

16. Evolving Fuzzy Rules for Anomaly Detection in Data Streams
Author(s): Moshtaghi, M.; Bezdek, J.C.; Leckie, C.; Karunasekera, S.; Palaniswami, M.
Page(s): 688 - 700

17. A New Fuzzy Clustering Validity Index With a Median Factor for Centroid-Based Clustering
Author(s): Wu, C.; Ouyang, C.; Chen, L.; Lu, L.
Page(s): 701 - 718

18. Filter Design for Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Systems With D Stability Constraints Under a Unified Frame
Author(s): Li, H.; Pan, Y.; Zhou, Q.
Page(s): 719 - 725

Conference paper deadline: DSAA 2015

The deadline for submitting papers to the 2015 IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA 2015) is 31 May, 2015. This conference will be held in Paris, France, 19-21 October, 2015.

IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, Volume 26, Number 6, June 2015

1. On Recursive Edit Distance Kernels With Application to Time Series Classification
Author(s): Marteau, P. ; Gibet, S.
Page(s): 1121 - 1133

2. Generalized Multiple Kernel Learning With Data-Dependent Priors
Author(s): Mao, Q. ; Tsang, I.W. ; Gao, S. ; Wang, L.
Page(s): 1134 - 1148

3. A Two-Layer Recurrent Neural Network for Nonsmooth Convex Optimization Problems
Author(s): Qin, S. ; Xue, X.
Page(s): 1149 - 1160

4. Generalized Single-Hidden Layer Feedforward Networks for Regression Problems
Author(s): Wang, N. ; Er, M.J. ; Han, M.
Page(s): 1161 - 1176

5. Optimization of a Multilayer Neural Network by Using Minimal Redundancy Maximal Relevance-Partial Mutual Information Clustering With Least Square Regression
Author(s): Chen, C. ; Yan, X.
Page(s): 1177 - 1187

6. Output-Feedback Adaptive Neural Control for Stochastic Nonlinear Time-Varying Delay Systems With Unknown Control Directions
Author(s): Li, T. ; Li, Z. ; Wang, D. ; Chen, C.L.P.
Page(s): 1188 - 1201

7. Memristor-Based Cellular Nonlinear/Neural Network: Design, Analysis, and Applications
Author(s): Duan, S. ; Hu, X. ; Dong, Z. ; Wang, L. ; Mazumder, P.
Page(s): 1202 - 1213

8. Synchronization of Chaotic Lur’e Systems With Time Delays Using Sampled-Data Control
Author(s): Hua, C. ; Ge, C. ; Guan, X.
Page(s): 1214 - 1221

9. Kernel Reconstruction ICA for Sparse Representation
Author(s): Xiao, Y. ; Zhu, Z. ; Zhao, Y. ; Wei, Y. ; Wei, S.
Page(s): 1222 - 1232

10. Partially Shared Latent Factor Learning With Multiview Data
Author(s): Liu, J. ; Jiang, Y. ; Li, Z. ; Zhou, Z. ; Lu, H.
Page(s): 1233 - 1246

11. Learning From Adaptive Neural Dynamic Surface Control of Strict-Feedback Systems
Author(s): Wang, M. ; Wang, C.
Page(s): 1247 - 1259

12. Complex Support Vector Machines for Regression and Quaternary Classification
Author(s): Bouboulis, P. ; Theodoridis, S. ; Mavroforakis, C. ; Evaggelatou-Dalla, L.
Page(s): 1260 - 1274

13. Blind Image Quality Assessment via Deep Learning
Author(s): Hou, W. ; Gao, X. ; Tao, D. ; Li, X.
Page(s): 1275 - 1286

14. Discriminative Embedded Clustering: A Framework for Grouping High-Dimensional Data
Author(s): Hou, C. ; Nie, F. ; Yi, D. ; Tao, D.
Page(s): 1287 - 1299

15. Global Exponential Synchronization of Multiple Memristive Neural Networks With Time Delay via Nonlinear Coupling
Author(s): Guo, Z. ; Yang, S. ; Wang, J.
Page(s): 1300 - 1311

16. A Direct Self-Constructing Neural Controller Design for a Class of Nonlinear Systems
Author(s): Han, H. ; Zhou, W. ; Qiao, J. ; Feng, G.
Page(s): 1312 - 1322

17. Error Bounds of Adaptive Dynamic Programming Algorithms for Solving Undiscounted Optimal Control Problems
Author(s): Liu, D. ; Li, H. ; Wang, D.
Page(s): 1323 - 1334

18. Further Result on Guaranteed H_\infty Performance State Estimation of Delayed Static Neural Networks
Author(s): Huang, H. ; Huang, T. ; Chen, X.
Page(s): 1335 - 1341

19. Randomized Gradient-Free Method for Multiagent Optimization Over Time-Varying Networks
Author(s): Yuan, D. ; Ho, D.W.C.
Page(s): 1342 - 1347

Evolving Systems, Volume 6 Number 2. Special Issue: Adaptive and online learning in non-stationary environments

1. Adaptive and on-line learning in non-stationary environments
Author(s): Edwin Lughofer & Moamar Sayed-Mouchaweh
Pages: 75-77

2. Affect detection from non-stationary physiological data using ensemble classifiers
Author(s): Omar AlZoubi, Davide Fossati, Sidney D’Mello & Rafael A. Calvo
Pages: 79-92

3. Penalized ensemble feature selection methods for hidden associations in time series environments case study: equities companies in Saudi Stock Exchange Market
Author(s): Adel Aloraini
Pages: 93-100

4. On-line incremental learning for unknown conditions during assembly operations with industrial robots
Author(s): J. L. Navarro-Gonzalez, I. Lopez-Juarez, K. Ordaz-Hernandez & R. Rios-Cabrera
Pages: 101-114

5. Hybrid dynamic data-driven approach for drift-like fault detection in wind turbines
Author(s): Houari Toubakh & Moamar Sayed-Mouchaweh
Pages: 115-129

6. On-line learning with minimized change of the global mapping
Author(s): Andreas Buschermöhle & Werner Brockmann
Pages: 131-151

Neural Networks Volume 67, Pages 1-154, July 2015

1. A spiking neural network based on the basal ganglia functional anatomy 
Pages: 1-13
Author(s): Javier Baladron, Fred H. Hamker

2. Further analysis of global image -stability of complex-valued neural networks with unbounded time-varying delays  
Pages: 14-27
Author(s): G. Velmurugan, R. Rakkiyappan, Jinde Cao

3. Neural network operators: Constructive interpolation of multivariate functions  
Pages: 28-36
Author(s): Danilo Costarelli

4. Modelling the insect Mushroom Bodies: Application to sequence learning  
Pages: 37-53
Author(s): Paolo Arena, Marco Cali, Luca Patane, Agnese Portera, Roland Strauss

5. Biomimetic race model of the loop between the superior colliculus and the basal ganglia: Subcortical selection of saccade targets  
Pages: 54-73
Author(s): Charles Thurat, Steve N’Guyen, Benoit Girard

6. A bio-inspired stimulator to desynchronize epileptic cortical population models: A digital implementation framework  
Pages: 74-83
Author(s): Mohsen Piri, Masoud Amiri, Mahmood Amiri

7. Robust stability of stochastic fuzzy delayed neural networks with impulsive time window  
Pages: 84-91
Author(s): Xin Wang, Junzhi Yu, Chuandong Li, Hui Wang, Tingwen Huang, Junjian Huang

8. Adaptive intermittent control: A computational model explaining motor intermittency observed in human behavior  
Pages: 92-109
Author(s): Yutaka Sakaguchi, Masato Tanaka, Yasuyuki Inoue

9. Construction and evaluation of an integrated dynamical model of visual motion perception 
Pages: 110-120
Author(s): Emilien Tlapale, Barbara Anne Dosher, Zhong-Lin Lu

10. A biological mechanism for Bayesian feature selection: Weight decay and raising the LASSO  
Pages: 121-130
Author(s): Patrick Connor, Paul Hollensen, Olav Krigolson, Thomas Trappenberg

11. Low-dimensional recurrent neural network-based Kalman filter for speech enhancement  
Pages: 131-139
Author(s): Youshen Xia, Jun Wang

12. Incremental learning for image -Support Vector Regression  
Pages: 140-150
Author(s): Bin Gu, Victor S. Sheng, Zhijie Wang, Derek Ho, Said Osman, Shuo Li

13. Corrigendum to "Feedback associative memory based on a new hybrid model of generalized regression and self feedback neural networks" [Neural Netw. 23(7) (2010) 892–904]  
Pages: 151
Author(s): Mahmood Amiri

14. Corrigendum to "Projective synchronization for fractional neural networks"  
Pages: 152-154
Author(s): Juan Yu, Cheng Hu, Haijun Jiang

Reminder: conference paper deadline for BESC 2015

A reminder that the paper submission deadline for Behavioral, Economic and Socio-Cultural Computing (BESC) 2015 is 17 June, 2015. This conference will be held in Nanjing, China, 30 October - 1 November, 2015.

Reminder: conference paper deadline for ICICIP 2015

A reminder that the deadline for submitting paper to the Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Control and Information Processing (ICICIP) 2015 is June 15, 2015. This conference will be held in Wuhan, China, November 26-28, 2015.

Reminder: paper submission deadline: IEEE SSCI 2015

A reminder that the deadline for submitting papers to the IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (IEEE SSCI) 2015 is June 14, 2015. This conference will be held in Cape Town, South Africa, December 7-10, 2015.

Reminder: submission deadline for SMAP 2015

A reminder that the paper submission deadline for the 10th International Workshop on Semantic and Social Media Adaptation and Personalization (SMAP) 2015 is June 12, 2015. This conference will be held in  Trento, Italy, November 5-6, 2015.

Reminder: conference paper deadline for DSAA'15

A reminder that the paper submission deadline for the IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA) 2015 is 18 May, 2015. This conference will be held in Paris, France, 19-21 October, 2015.

IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games, Volume 7, Number 1, March 2015

1. Editorial: IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games
Author(s): Kendall, G.
Page(s): 1 - 2

2. On Cost-Effective Incentive Mechanisms in Microtask Crowdsourcing
Author(s): Yang Gao, Yan Chen and Liu, K.J.R.
Page(s): 3 - 15

3. An Enhanced Solver for the Game of Amazons
Author(s): Jiaxing Song and Muller, M.
Page(s): 16 - 27

4. Job-Level Alpha-Beta Search
Author(s): Jr-Chang Chen, I-Chen Wu, Wen-Jie Tseng, Bo-Han Lin and Chia-Hui Chang
Page(s): 28 - 38

5. Suspenser: A Story Generation System for Suspense
Author(s): Yun-Gyung Cheong and Young, R.M.
Page(s): 39 - 52

6. Multiple Opponent Optimization of Prisoner’s Dilemma Playing Agents
Author(s): Ashlock, D., Brown, J.A. and Hingston, P.
Page(s): 53 - 65

7. Design and Implementation of Chinese Dark Chess Programs
Author(s): Shi-Jim Yen, Cheng-Wei Chou, Jr-Chang Chen, I-Chen Wu and Kuo-Yuan Kao
Page(s): 66 - 74

8. Learning Behaviors of and Interactions Among Objects Through Spatio–Temporal Reasoning
Author(s): Ersen, M. and Sariel, S.
Page(s): 75 - 87

9. Learning-Based Procedural Content Generation
Author(s): Roberts, J. and Ke Chen
Page(s): 88 - 101

10. Sequential Halving Applied to Trees
Author(s): Cazenave, T.
Page(s): 102 - 105

IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, Volume 23, Issue 2, April 2015

REGULAR PAPERS

1. A Novel Risk Decision Making Based on Decision-Theoretic Rough Sets Under Hesitant Fuzzy Information
Author(s):  D. Liang and D. Liu
Page(s):  237-247

2. From Interval-Valued Data to General Type-2 Fuzzy Sets
Author(s):  C.Wagner, S. Miller, J. M. Garibaldi, D. T. Anderson, and T. C. Havens
Page(s):  248-269

3. Weighted Compensative Logic With Adjustable Threshold Andness and Orness
Author(s):  J. Dujmovi´c
Page(s):  270-290

4. Analysis of the Fuzzy Controllability Property and Stabilization for a Class of T–S Fuzzy Models
Author(s):  J. A.Meda-Campa˜na, J. Rodr´ıguez-Valdez, T. Hern´andez-Cort´es, R. Tapia-Herrera, and V. Nosov
Page(s):  291-301

5. Adaptive Fuzzy Backstepping Control for A Class of Nonlinear Systems With Sampled and Delayed Measurements
Author(s):  T.Wang, Y. Zhang, J. Qiu, and H. Gao
Page(s):  302-312

6. Theta-Fuzzy Associative Memories (Theta-FAMs)
Author(s):  E. Esmi, P. Sussner, H. Bustince, and J. Fern´andez
Page(s):  313-326

7. Simplifying the Search for Effective Ranking of Fuzzy Numbers
Author(s):  A. I. Ban and L. Coroianu
Page(s):  327-339

8. Granular Risk-Based Design Optimization
Author(s):  H. Hu and G. Li
Page(s):  340-353

9. Consensus Building in a Local Context for the AHP-GDMWith the Individual Numerical Scale and Prioritization Method
Author(s):  Y. Dong, Z.-P. Fan, and S. Yu
Page(s):  354-368

10. pClass: An Effective Classifier for Streaming Examples
Author(s):  M. Pratama, S. G. Anavatti, M. J. Er, and E. D. Lughofer
Page(s):  369-386

11. Pareto Optimal Filter Design for Nonlinear Stochastic Fuzzy Systems via Multiobjective H2/H∞ Optimization
Author(s):  B.-S. Chen, H.-C. Lee, and C.-F. Wu
Page(s):  387-399

12. T2FS-Based Adaptive Linguistic Assessment System for Semantic Analysis and Human Performance Evaluation on Game of Go
Author(s):  C.-S. Lee, M.-H. Wang, M.-J. Wu, O. Teytaud, and S.-J. Yen
Page(s):  400-420

13. Reliable State Feedback Control of T–S Fuzzy Systems With Sensor Faults
Author(s):  J. Dong and G.-H. Yang
Page(s):  421-433

14. On the State Minimization of Fuzzy Automata
Author(s):  L. Li and D. Qiu
Page(s):  434-443

15. Divergence Measures for Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets
Author(s):  I.Montes, N. R. Pal, V. Janiˇs, and S. Montes
Page(s):  444-456

16. Interval Type-2 Radial Basis Function Neural Network: A Modeling Framework
Author(s):  A. Rubio-Solis and G. Panoutsos
Page(s):  457-473


SHORT PAPERS

17. A Two-Variable Fuzzy Control Design With Application to an Air-Conditioning System
Author(s):  S. Yordanova, D. Merazchiev, and L. Jain
Page(s):  474-481

Reminder: paper submission deadline for ISNN 2015

A reminder that the paper submission deadline for the 12th International Symposium on Neural Networks (ISNN) 2015 is May 15, 2015. This conference will be held in Jeju, Korea, 15-18 October, 2015.

IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems: Volume 26, Issue 5, May 2015

1. Self-Organizing Neural Networks Integrating Domain Knowledge and Reinforcement Learning
Author(s): Teck-Hou Teng; Ah-Hwee Tan; Jacek M. Zurada
Page(s): 889 - 902

2. Variable Neural Adaptive Robust Control: A Switched System Approach
Author(s): Jianming Lian; Jianghai Hu; Stanislaw H. Zak
Page(s): 903 - 915

3. Integral Reinforcement Learning for Continuous-Time Input-Affine Nonlinear Systems With Simultaneous Invariant Explorations
Author(s): Jae Young Lee; Jin Bae Park; Yoon Ho Choi
Page(s): 916 - 932

4. Evolutionary Fuzzy ARTMAP Neural Networks for Classification of Semiconductor Defects
Author(s): Shing Chiang Tan; Junzo Watada; Zuwairie Ibrahim; Marzuki Khalid
Page(s): 933 - 950

5. Graph Embedded Nonparametric Mutual Information for Supervised Dimensionality Reduction
Author(s): Dimitrios Bouzas; Nikolaos Arvanitopoulos; Anastasios Tefas
Page(s): 951 - 963

6. The Minimum Risk Principle That Underlies the Criteria of Bounded Component Analysis
Author(s): Sergio Cruces; Ivan Duran-Diaz
Page(s): 964 - 981

7. A One-Class Kernel Fisher Criterion for Outlier Detection
Author(s): Franck Dufrenois
Page(s): 982 - 994

8. Semi-Supervised Nearest Mean Classification Through a Constrained Log-Likelihood
Author(s): Marco Loog; Are Charles Jensen
Page(s): 995 - 1006

9. Adaptive NN Controller Design for a Class of Nonlinear MIMO Discrete-Time Systems
Author(s): Yan-Jun Liu; Li Tang; Shaocheng Tong; C. L. Philip Chen
Page(s): 1007 - 1018

10. Transfer Learning for Visual Categorization: A Survey
Author(s): Ling Shao; Fan Zhu; Xuelong Li
Page(s): 1019 - 1034

11. Robust Sensorimotor Representation to Physical Interaction Changes in Humanoid Motion Learning
Author(s): Toshihiko Shimizu; Ryo Saegusa; Shuhei Ikemoto; Hiroshi Ishiguro; Giorgio Metta
Page(s): 1035 - 1047

12. A New Method for Data Stream Mining Based on the Misclassification Error
Author(s): Leszek Rutkowski; Maciej Jaworski; Lena Pietruczuk; Piotr Duda
Page(s): 1048 - 1059

13. Learning to Track Multiple Targets
Author(s): Xiao Liu; Dacheng Tao; Mingli Song; Luming Zhang; Jiajun Bu; Chun Chen
Page(s): 1060 - 1073

14. Adaptive Neural Control of Nonlinear MIMO Systems With Time-Varying Output Constraints
Author(s): Wenchao Meng; Qinmin Yang; Youxian Sun
Page(s): 1074 - 1085

15. Very Sparse LSSVM Reductions for Large-Scale Data
Author(s): Raghvendra Mall; Johan A. K. Suykens
Page(s): 1086 - 1097

16. Sparse Multivariate Gaussian Mixture Regression
Author(s): Luis Weruaga; Javier Via
Page(s): 1098 - 1108

17. Variational Inference With ARD Prior for NIRS Diffuse Optical Tomography
Author(s): Atsushi Miyamoto; Kazuho Watanabe; Kazushi Ikeda; Masa-Aki Sato
Page(s): 1109 - 1114

18. An Efficient Topological Distance-Based Tree Kernel
Author(s): Fabio Aiolli; Giovanni Da San Martino; Alessandro Sperduti
Page(s): 1115 - 1120

Neural Networks Volume 66, Pages 1-138, June 2015

1) Event-triggered asynchronous intermittent communication strategy for synchronization in complex dynamical networks
Pages: 1-10
Author(s): Huaqing Li, Xiaofeng Liao, Guo Chen, David J. Hill, Zhaoyang Dong, Tingwen Huang

2) Multilingual part-of-speech tagging with weightless neural networks 
Pages: 11-21
Author(s): Hugo C.C. Carneiro, Felipe M.G. Franca, Priscila M.V. Lima

3) Hierarchical neural networks perform both serial and parallel processing
Pages: 22-35
Author(s): Elena Agliari, Adriano Barra, Andrea Galluzzi, Francesco Guerra, Daniele Tantari, Flavia Tavani

4) Diversifying customer review rankings
Pages: 36-45
Author(s): Ralf Krestel, Nima Dokoohaki

5) Stochastic sampled-data control for synchronization of complex dynamical networks with control packet loss and additive time-varying delays  
Pages: 46-63
Author(s): R. Rakkiyappan, N. Sakthivel, Jinde Cao

6) Multi-frame image super resolution based on sparse coding  
Pages: 64-78
Author(s): Toshiyuki Kato, Hideitsu Hino, Noboru Murata

7) A digital implementation of neuron–astrocyte interaction for neuromorphic applications 
Pages: 79-90
Author(s): Soheila Nazari, Karim Faez, Mahmood Amiri, Ehsan Karami

8) Asynchronous event-based corner detection and matching  
Pages: 91-106
Author(s): Xavier Clady, Sio-Hoi Ieng, Ryad Benosman

9) Phase synchronization of coupled bursting neurons and the generalized Kuramoto model  
Pages: 107-118
Author(s): F.A.S. Ferrari, R.L. Viana, S.R. Lopes, R. Stoop

10) Global exponential periodicity and stability of discrete-time complex-valued recurrent neural networks with time-delays  
Pages: 119-130
Author(s): Jin Hu, Jun Wang

11) A new delay-independent condition for global robust stability of neural networks with time delays
Pages: 131-137
Author(s): Ruya Samli

Reminder: paper submission deadline for ICSI3 2015

A reminder that the deadline for submitting papers to the International Congress on Systems Immunology, Immunoinformatics & Immune-Computation (ICSI3) 2015 is 28 April, 2015. This conference will be held in Taormina, Italy, 17-18 July, 2015.

Paper submission deadline: ISNN 2015

The paper submission deadline for the 12th International Symposium on Neural Networks (ISNN) 2015 is May 15, 2015. This conference will be held in Jeju, Korea, 15-18 October, 2015.

Conference paper deadline: TAAI 2015

The deadline for submitting papers to the 2015 Conference on Technologies and Applications of Artificial Intelligence (TAAI 2015) is July 12, 2015. This conference will be held in Tainan, Taiwan, November 20-22, 2015.

Conference paper deadline: BESC 2015

The paper submission deadline for Behavioral, Economic and Socio-Cultural Computing (BESC) 2015 is 17 June, 2015. This conference will be held in Nanjing, China, 30 October - 1 November, 2015.

Paper submission deadline: IEEE SSCI 2015

The deadline for submitting papers to the IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (IEEE SSCI) 2015 is June 14, 2015. This conference will be held in Cape Town, South Africa, December 7-10, 2015.

Conference submission deadline SMAP 2015

The paper submission deadline for the 10th International Workshop on Semantic and Social Media Adaptation and Personalization (SMAP) 2015 is June 12, 2015. This conference will be held in  Trento, Italy, November 5-6, 2015.

Conference paper deadline: DSAA'15

The paper submission deadline for the IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA) 2015 is 18 May, 2015. This conference will be held in Paris, France, 19-21 October, 2015.

Conference paper deadline: ICSI3 2015

The deadline for submitting papers to the International Congress on Systems Immunology, Immunoinformatics & Immune-Computation (ICSI3) 2015 is 28 April, 2015. This conference will be held in Taormina, Italy, 17-18 July, 2015.

Conference paper deadline: ICICIP 2015

The deadline for submitting paper to the Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Control and Information Processing (ICICIP) 2015 is June 15, 2015. This conference will be held in Wuhan, China, November 26-28, 2015.

IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, Volume 26, Issue 4, April 2015

1. Fractional Extreme Value Adaptive Training Method: Fractional Steepest Descent Approach
Authors: Yi-Fei Pu; Ji-Liu Zhou; Yi Zhang; Ni Zhang; Guo Huang; Patrick Siarry
Page(s): 653 - 662

2. Quaternion-Valued Echo State Networks
Authors: Yili Xia; Cyrus Jahanchahi; Danilo P. Mandic
Page(s): 663 - 673

3. Successive Overrelaxation for Laplacian Support Vector Machine
Authors: Zhiquan Qi; Yingjie Tian; Yong Shi
Page(s): 674 - 683

4. Adaptive Optimal Control of Highly Dissipative Nonlinear Spatially Distributed Processes With Neuro-Dynamic Programming
Authors: Biao Luo; Huai-Ning Wu; Han-Xiong Li
Page(s): 684 - 696

5. Convolutive Bounded Component Analysis Algorithms for Independent and Dependent Source Separation
Authors: Huseyin A. Inan; Alper T. Erdogan
Page(s): 697 - 708

6. Gaussian Kernel Width Optimization for Sparse Bayesian Learning
Authors: Yalda Mohsenzadeh; Hamid Sheikhzadeh
Page(s): 709 - 719

7. Multiclass Semisupervised Learning Based Upon Kernel Spectral Clustering
Authors: Siamak Mehrkanoon; Carlos Alzate; Raghvendra Mall; Rocco Langone; Johan A. K. Suykens
Page(s): 720 - 733

8. Impulsive Stabilization and Impulsive Synchronization of Discrete-Time Delayed Neural Networks
Authors: Wu-Hua Chen; Xiaomei Lu; Wei Xing Zheng
Page(s): 734 - 748

9. A Universal Concept Based on Cellular Neural Networks for Ultrafast and Flexible Solving of Differential Equations
Authors: Jean Chamberlain Chedjou; Kyandoghere Kyamakya
Page(s): 749 - 762

10. On Learning Navigation Behaviors for Small Mobile Robots With Reservoir Computing Architectures
Authors: Eric Aislan Antonelo; Benjamin Schrauwen
Page(s): 763 - 780

11. Coupled Attribute Similarity Learning on Categorical Data
Authors: Can Wang; Xiangjun Dong; Fei Zhou; Longbing Cao; Chi-Hung Chi
Page(s): 781 - 797

12. Topology-Based Clustering Using Polar Self-Organizing Map
Authors: Lu Xu; Tommy W. S. Chow; Eden W. M. Ma
Page(s): 798 - 808

13. Robust Consensus Tracking Control for Multiagent Systems With Initial State Shifts, Disturbances, and Switching Topologies
Authors: Deyuan Meng; Yingmin Jia; Junping Du
Page(s): 809 - 824

14. $L_{1}$ -Norm Low-Rank Matrix Factorization by Variational Bayesian Method
Authors: Qian Zhao; Deyu Meng; Zongben Xu; Wangmeng Zuo; Yan Yan
Page(s): 825 - 839

15. Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Based on Collective Neurodynamic Optimization
Authors: Zheng Yan; Jun Wang
Page(s): 840 - 850

16. Multiple Actor-Critic Structures for Continuous-Time Optimal Control Using Input-Output Data
Authors: Ruizhuo Song; Frank Lewis; Qinglai Wei; Hua-Guang Zhang; Zhong-Ping Jiang; Dan Levine
Page(s): 851 - 865

17. Infinite Horizon Self-Learning Optimal Control of Nonaffine Discrete-Time Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Qinglai Wei; Derong Liu; Xiong Yang
Page(s): 866 - 879

18. A Bootstrap Based Neyman-Pearson Test for Identifying Variable Importance
Authors: Gregory Ditzler; Robi Polikar; Gail Rosen
Page(s): 880 - 886

IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development, Volume 7, Number 1, March 2015

1. Editorial IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development
Author(s): Cangelosi, A
Page(s): 1 - 2

2. Ecological Active Vision: Four Bioinspired Principles to Integrate Bottom–Up and Adaptive Top–Down Attention Tested With a Simple Camera-Arm Robot
Author(s): Ognibene, D. ; Baldassare, G.
Page(s): 3 - 25

3. A Simplified Cerebellar Model with Priority-based Delayed Eligibility Trace Learning for Motor Control
Author(s): Shim, V.A. ; Ranjit, C.S.N. ; Bo Tian ; Miaolong Yuan ; Huajin Tang
Page(s): 26 - 38

4. Mental States, EEG Manifestations, and Mentally Emulated Digital Circuits for Brain-Robot Interaction
Author(s): Bozinovski, S. ; Bozinovski, A.
Page(s): 39 - 51

5. Can Real-Time, Adaptive Human–Robot Motor Coordination Improve Humans’ Overall Perception of a Robot?
Author(s): Qiming Shen ; Dautenhahn, K. ; Saunders, J. ; Kose, H.
Page(s): 52 - 64

IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, Volume 19, Number 2, April 2015

1. Tikhonov Regularization as a Complexity Measure in Multiobjective Genetic Programming
Author(s): Ni, J. ; Rockett, P.
Page(s): 157 - 166

2. Parameter Control in Evolutionary Algorithms: Trends and Challenges
Author(s): Karafotias, G. ; Hoogendoorn, M. ; Eiben, A.E.
Page(s): 167 - 187

3. Convex Hull-Based Multiobjective Genetic Programming for Maximizing Receiver Operating Characteristic Performance
Author(s): Wang, P. ; Emmerich, M. ; Li, R. ; Tang, K. ; Back, T. ; Yao, X.
Page(s): 188 - 200

4. An Efficient Approach to Nondominated Sorting for Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization
Author(s): Zhang, X. ; Tian, Y. ; Cheng, R. ; Jin, Y.
Page(s): 201 - 213

5. Probabilistic Dominance in Multiobjective Reliability-Based Optimization: Theory and Implementation
Author(s): Filomeno Coelho, R.
Page(s): 214 - 224

6. Visualization of Pareto Front Approximations in Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization: A Critical Review and the Prosection Method
Author(s): Tusar, T. ; Filipic, B.
Page(s): 225 - 245

7. Inducing Niching Behavior in Differential Evolution Through Local Information Sharing
Author(s): Biswas, S. ; Kundu, S. ; Das, S.
Page(s): 246 - 263

8. Behavior of Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms on Many-Objective Knapsack Problems
Author(s): Ishibuchi, H. ; Akedo, N. ; Nojima, Y.
Page(s): 264 - 283

9. Toward the Coevolution of Novel Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines
Author(s): Preen, R.J. ; Bull, L.
Page(s): 284 - 294

10. On the Easiest and Hardest Fitness Functions
Author(s): He, J. ; Chen, T. ; Yao, X.
Page(s): 295 - 305

IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games, Volume 7, Number 1, March 2015

Editorial
1. Editorial: IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games
Page(s): 1 - 2

Regular Papers
2. On Cost-Effective Incentive Mechanisms in Microtask Crowdsourcing
Author(s): Yang Gao ; Yan Chen ; Liu, K.J.R.
Page(s): 3 - 15

3. An Enhanced Solver for the Game of Amazons
Author(s): Jiaxing Song ; Muller, M.
Page(s): 16 - 27

4. Job-Level Alpha-Beta Search
Author(s): Jr-Chang Chen ; I-Chen Wu ; Wen-Jie Tseng ; Bo-Han Lin ; Chia-Hui Chang
Page(s): 28 - 38

5. Suspenser: A Story Generation System for Suspense
Author(s): Yun-Gyung Cheong ; Young, R.M.
Page(s): 39 - 52

6. Multiple Opponent Optimization of Prisoner’s Dilemma Playing Agents
Author(s): Ashlock, D. ; Brown, J.A. ; Hingston, P.
Page(s): 53 - 65

7. Design and Implementation of Chinese Dark Chess Programs
Author(s): Shi-Jim Yen ; Cheng-Wei Chou ; Jr-Chang Chen ; I-Chen Wu ; Kuo-Yuan Kao
Page(s): 66 - 74

8. Learning Behaviors of and Interactions Among Objects Through Spatio–Temporal Reasoning
Author(s): Ersen, M. ; Sariel, S.
Page(s): 75 - 87

9. Learning-Based Procedural Content Generation
Author(s): Roberts, J. ; Ke Chen
Page(s): 88 - 101

Short Papers
10. Sequential Halving Applied to Trees
Author(s): Cazenave, T.
Page(s): 102 - 105

Neural Networks, Volume 65 , Pages 1-126, May 2015

1. Enhanced low-rank representation via sparse manifold adaption for semi-supervised learning  
Pages: 1-17
Author(s): Yong Peng, Bao-Liang Lu, Suhang Wang

2. Computational cognitive models of spatial memory in navigation space: A review 
Pages: 18-43
Author(s): Tamas Madl, Ke Chen, Daniela Montaldi, Robert Trappl

3. Attention modeled as information in learning multisensory integration  
Pages: 44-52
Author(s): Johannes Bauer, Sven Magg, Stefan Wermter

4. A new class of multi-stable neural networks: Stability analysis and learning process  
Pages: 53-64
Author(s): E. Bavafaye Haghighi, G. Palm, M. Rahmati, M.J. Yazdanpanah

5. Multistability of neural networks with discontinuous non-monotonic piecewise linear activation functions and time-varying delays  
Pages: 65-79
Author(s): Xiaobing Nie, Wei Xing Zheng

6. Pth moment exponential stochastic synchronization of coupled memristor-based neural networks with mixed delays via delayed impulsive control  
Pages: 80-91
Author(s): Xinsong Yang, Jinde Cao, Jianlong Qiu

7. Robust L1-norm two-dimensional linear discriminant analysis  
Pages: 92-104
Author(s): Chun-Na Li, Yuan-Hai Shao, Nai-Yang Deng

8. New exponential synchronization criteria for time-varying delayed neural networks with discontinuous activations  
Pages: 105-114
Author(s): Zuowei Cai, Lihong Huang, Lingling Zhang

9. Local Rademacher Complexity: Sharper risk bounds with and without unlabeled samples 
Pages: 115-125
Author(s): Luca Oneto, Alessandro Ghio, Sandro Ridella, Davide Anguita

Measurement Theory

Just because something is expressed as a number, doesn't mean you can do arithmetic with it. Let's say I give you three numbers: 1,2,3. What's the mean of these numbers? (1+2+3)/3=2, right? Well, what if I told you that 1=apple, 2=pear and 3=banana? What's the mean of an apple, a pear and a banana? Plainly, the question is ridiculous. Yet there is still a substantial number of people in science, and in computational intelligence, who fall into this trap, especially when presenting data to models like neural networks.

Neural networks aren't magic: they can't tell what a number submitted to their input layers mean, they just multiply them by their connection weights, sum the products and apply a transformation function to them. So if the numbers you are submitting to them represent classes, rather than measurements, what are they really modelling?

Measurement is the most fundamental part of data collection, as all natural data originates as measurements of properties of events. Measurements should represent reality and relationships between measurements should reflect the relationships between attributes. This is most important is consideration is given to the principle that data represents reality: as the source of data, measurements must yield and adequate representation of reality.

Measurement theory, as originated by Stevens, helps us achieve this. By specifying and formalising what exactly measurement is, we can better use measurement to gather data. By understanding exactly what the numbers mean, we can better analyse and transform the data into information and knowledge, while avoiding such traps as making meaningless statements about the numbers or performing a meaningless transformation on the data. A crucial point to bear to in mind is that measurements represent reality but are not the same as reality.

Measurement Scales

At the heart of Steven’s measurement theory is the concept of measurement scales. Four such scales are defined (although other have been added since) where each scale is distinguished according to four characteristics:

• Distinctiveness: individuals are assigned different values if the property being measure is different.
• Ordering in magnitude: larger numbers represent greater quantities of the property being measured;
• Equal intervals: a difference in measurement represents the same difference in the property.
• Absolute zero: a measurement of zero represents an absence of the property being measured.

These four characteristics define the “strength” of the measurement scale. The scales, from “weakest” to “strongest” are:

• Nominal
• Ordinal
• Interval
• Ratio
• Absolute

Also associated with each of the measurement scales are specific, permissible statistics and transformations. The term permissible is slightly misleading: if a statistic is not permissible for a certain scale, it is not forbidden. Rather, the results of that statistic or transformation are not reliable, with the unreliability of the result determined by the way in which the measurements were made. Permissible statistics and transformations are simply those statistics and transformations that yield reliable results. A permissible statistic tells us something meaningful about the data, while a permissible transformation maintains the properties of the data as appropriate for the particular scale. A statistic may still be applied to data from a scale, for which that statistic is impermissible, and it may yield useful results, but these results need to be treated with caution, and interpreted within the context of the original measurements. Note also that permissible statistics and transformations are cumulative across scales, that is, all statistics and transformation permissible for a lower scale are permissible for a higher scale.

Nominal Scale

The nominal scale is the weakest of the measurement scales. It possesses only the characteristic of distinctiveness. In other words, if the same attribute of two individuals are assigned the same number, then the attributes are identical. No other conclusions may be drawn from those numbers, as they are simply arbitrary numeric labels. For example, the colours Red, Green, and Blue can be placed on the nominal scale with the measurements Red=1, Green=2, Blue=3. However, two reds do not make a green. They could just as easily be labelled Green=1, Blue=2, Red=3, or any other permutation, without altering their distinctiveness. The only permissible statistics for nominal scale measurements are the number of cases and the mode. Permissible transformations are permutations and one-to-one substitutions.

Ordinal Scale

Measurements on the ordinal scale have the properties of distinctiveness and ordering in magnitude. In other words, objects are ordered in the scale according to some pair-wise comparison. That is, measurements on this scale can be compared to one another with the equality, greater than or less than operators. However, while we can say that one measurement is greater than or less than another, we cannot say how different they are. Numbers in this scale are categories; they do not have the arithmetic properties of numbers. An example of an ordinal scale measurement is teaching evaluations: a teacher’s performance is evaluated by students over several variables, with the performance being rated from one to five, with one being “Poor” and five being “Excellent”. While it is meaningful to draw the conclusion that a score of four is better than a score of two, it is not meaningful to draw the conclusion that a score of four is twice as good as a score of two, nor is it meaningful to say that a score of five is the same “distance” from a score of three, as a score of three is from one. Permissible statistics introduced at the ordinal scale are medians and percentiles. Permissible transformations introduced are monotonic increasing functions, that is, any transformation that will maintain the order of the individuals.

Interval Scale

Measurements on the interval scale have the characteristics of distinctiveness, ordering in magnitude and equal intervals. In this scale, objects are placed in order on a number line with an arbitrary zero point and an arbitrary interval between objects. While the numerical values have no significance other than as labels, differences between the values do have meaning. An example of an interval scale is the date in years. The common era (CE) scale has an arbitrary zero point (set at the putative time of the birth of Christ) and equally sized intervals (the length of a year does not vary, excepting leap years, which actually make up for errors caused by the slight mismatch between the arbitrary length of the year set at 365 days and the actual length of the Earth’s orbit).  It is meaningful to say that 1973 is later than 1928, and that the difference between 1999 and 1973 is twice the difference between 1986 and 1973. It is not meaningful, however, to say that 2004 is twice the year that 1002 was. Permissible statistics introduced at the interval scale are the mean, standard deviation, rank-order correlation and product-moment correlation. Permissible transformations introduced are linear transformations of the format y=ax+b, where x is the measurement, and the constant a cannot be zero. In other words, permissible transformations are those transformations that preserve the order of the objects, and the relative intervals between them.

Ratio Scale

Measurements on the ratio scale have the characteristics of distinctiveness, ordering in magnitude, equal intervals and absolute zero. In this scale, objects are placed in order on a number line with equally sized intervals and a true zero point. A measurement of zero on the ratio scale indicates the absence of the property being measured. A ratio scale can also be defined as the differences between two interval measures: a difference of zero between two interval measurements indicates an absence of difference. In the ratio scale, the values themselves have significance, as do the differences and ratios of those values. Many properties in physics are ratio scale measurements. An example of this is speed. An object with a speed of zero isn’t moving, that is, it has no speed, while an object moving at fifty metres per second is twice as fast as an object moving at twenty-five metres per second.

Permissible statistics introduced at the ratio scale are the coefficient of variation, and permissible transformations are affine transformations, that is, y=ax.

Absolute Scale

Whereas measurements on the ratio scale have an absolute zero point, measurements on the absolute scale have and absolute zero and an absolute upper bound. The classical example of this is probabilities: the probability of an event can range from zero (the event will never happen) to one (the event will always happen). A probability of less than zero or greater than one is meaningless.

Only affine transformations are permissible for measurements on the absolute scale.

Transforming Between Scales

It is possible to transform a measurement made on a particular measurement scale to a weaker scale only. This transformation will involve a loss of information, and cannot be reversed. In other words, it is not possible to transform to a higher measurement scale. For example, consider the heights, in metres, of a group of three people. One person is 1.4 metres tall, the second is 1.8 metres tall, and the third is 2 metres tall. If we say that a person’s height is 1 if they are short, 2 if they are average and 3 if they are tall, then it is possible to transform these ratio scale measurements into the ordinal scale, by assigning the first person’s height a value of 1, the second a value of 2 and the third a value of 3. However, if we know only that a persons height is 2 on this scale, we cannot determine exactly what their true height is.

Summary

The major implication of this is that data must be collected with great care. Once a measurement is made on a particular measurement scale, it cannot be transformed into a higher scale. Once the measurement is made, no further information can be associated with it.

You must know which scale the measurements belong to, as they will determine what you can meaningfully do with the data. They will also inform as to how you represent the data for presentation to your models. A working knowledge of measurement theory, therefore, is essential for any serious practitioner in computational intelligence.

IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems: Volume 26, Issue 3, March 2015

1. An Enhanced Fuzzy Min–Max Neural Network for Pattern Classification
Authors: Mohammed Falah Mohammed; Chee Peng Lim
Page(s): 417 - 429

2. ML-TREE: A Tree-Structure-Based Approach to Multilabel Learning
Authors: Qingyao Wu; Yunming Ye; Haijun Zhang; Tommy W. S. Chow; Shen-Shyang Ho
Page(s): 430 - 443

3. Scaling Up Graph-Based Semisupervised Learning via Prototype Vector Machines
Authors: Kai Zhang; Liang Lan; James T. Kwok; Slobodan Vucetic; Bahram Parvin
Page(s): 444 - 457

4. Dimension Selective Self-Organizing Maps With Time-Varying Structure for Subspace and Projected Clustering
Authors: Hansenclever F. Bassani; Aluizio F. R. Araujo
Page(s): 458 - 471

5. Neural Network-Based Finite Horizon Stochastic Optimal Control Design for Nonlinear Networked Control Systems
Authors: Hao Xu; Sarangapani Jagannathan
Page(s): 472 - 485

6. Neural Network-Based Finite-Horizon Optimal Control of Uncertain Affine Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems
Authors: Qiming Zhao; Hao Xu; Sarangapani Jagannathan
Page(s): 486 - 499

7. Maintaining the Integrity of Sources in Complex Learning Systems: Intraference and the Correlation Preserving Transform
Authors: Clive Cheong Took; Scott C. Douglas; Danilo P. Mandic
Page(s): 500 - 509

8. Exponential Synchronization of Complex Networks of Linear Systems and Nonlinear Oscillators: A Unified Analysis
Authors: Jiahu Qin; Huijun Gao; Wei Xing Zheng
Page(s): 510 - 521

9. Spatio-Temporal Learning With the Online Finite and Infinite Echo-State Gaussian Processes
Authors: Harold Soh; Yiannis Demiris
Page(s): 522 - 536

10. Bayesian Nonparametric Adaptive Control Using Gaussian Processes
Authors: Girish Chowdhary; Hassan A. Kingravi; Jonathan P. How; Patricio A. Vela
Page(s): 537 - 550

11. Generalization Performance of Radial Basis Function Networks
Authors: Yunwen Lei; Lixin Ding; Wensheng Zhang
Page(s): 551 - 564

12. Second-Order Global Consensus in Multiagent Networks With Random Directional Link Failure
Authors: Huaqing Li; Xiaofeng Liao; Tingwen Huang; Wei Zhu; Yanbing Liu
Page(s): 565 - 575

13. Novelty Detection Using Level Set Methods
Authors: Xuemei Ding; Yuhua Li; Ammar Belatreche; Liam P. Maguire
Page(s): 576 - 588

14. A Simplified Adaptive Neural Network Prescribed Performance Controller for Uncertain MIMO Feedback Linearizable Systems
Authors: Achilles Theodorakopoulos; George A. Rovithakis
Page(s): 589 - 600

15. Convergence Analysis of the FOCUSS Algorithm
Authors: Kan Xie; Zhaoshui He; Andrzej Cichocki
Page(s): 601 - 613

16. GrDHP: A General Utility Function Representation for Dual Heuristic Dynamic Programming
Authors: Zhen Ni; Haibo He; Dongbin Zhao; Xin Xu; Danil V. Prokhorov
Page(s): 614 - 627

17. The Generalization Ability of Online SVM Classification Based on Markov Sampling
Authors: Jie Xu; Yuan Yan Tang; Bin Zou; Zongben Xu; Luoqing Li; Yang Lu
Page(s): 628 - 639

18. Neural Network-Based Adaptive Dynamic Surface Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors
Authors: Jinpeng Yu; Peng Shi; Wenjie Dong; Bing Chen; Chong Lin
Page(s): 640 - 645

19. A Unified Approach to Universal Prediction: Generalized Upper and Lower Bounds
Authors: Nuri Denizcan Vanli; Suleyman S. Kozat
Page(s): 646 - 651

Reminder: conference paper deadline for IEEE CIG 2015

A reminder that the paper submission deadline for the 2015 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence in Games (IEEE CIG) is April 2, 2015. This conference will be held in Tainan, Taiwan, 31 August to 2 September, 2015.

Evolving Systems, Vol. 6, Issue 1

1. Evolving personalized modeling system for integrated feature, neighborhood and parameter optimization utilizing gravitational search algorithm
Author(s): Wen Liang, Yingjie Hu & Nikola Kasabov
Pages: 1-14

2. Comparative study of existing personalized approaches for identifying important gene markers and for risk estimation in Type2 Diabetes in Italian population
Author(s): Anju Verma, Maurizio Fiasché, Maria Cuzzola & Giuseppe Irrera
Pages: 15-22

3. Self-* programming: run-time parallel control search for reflection box
Author(s): Olga Brukman, Shlomi Dolev, Moshe Weinstock & Gera Weiss
Pages: 23-40

4. Immune optimization approach solving multi-objective chance-constrained programming
Author(s): Zhuhong Zhang, Lei Wang & Fei Long
Pages: 41-53

5. Enabling public verifiability and availability for secure data storage in cloud computing
Author(s): Rashmi M. Jogdand, R. H. Goudar, Gazal Begum Sayed & Pratik B. Dhamanekar
Pages: 55-65

6. Fuzzy hypotheses testing using fuzzy data and confidence interval in radar decision criteria
Author(s): Ahmed K. Elsherif, Chunming Tang & Lei Zhang
Pages: 67-74

Reminder: paper deadline for INNS Big Data 2015

A reminder that the deadline for submitting papers to the INNS Conference on Big Data is March 22, 2015. This conference will be held in San Francisco, USA, 8-10 August, 2015.

Neural Networks Volume 64, Pages 1-64, April 2015

Special Issue on “Deep Learning of Representations”
Edited by Yoshua Bengio and Honglak Lee

1. Editorial introduction to the Neural Networks special issue on Deep Learning of Representations  
Pages: 1-3
Author(s): Yoshua Bengio, Honglak Lee

2. Two-layer contractive encodings for learning stable nonlinear features 
Pages: 4-11
Author(s): Hannes Schulz, Kyunghyun Cho, Tapani Raiko, Sven Behnke

3. Measuring the usefulness of hidden units in Boltzmann machines with mutual information  
Pages: 12-18
Author(s): Mathias Berglund, Tapani Raiko, Kyunghyun Cho

4. Deep learning of support vector machines with class probability output networks 
Pages: 19-28
Author(s): Sangwook Kim, Zhibin Yu, Rhee Man Kil, Minho Lee

5. Expected energy-based restricted Boltzmann machine for classification  
Pages: 29-38
Author(s): S. Elfwing, E. Uchibe, K. Doya

6. Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Large-scale Speech Tasks  
Pages: 39-48
Author(s): Tara N. Sainath, Brian Kingsbury, George Saon, Hagen Soltau, Abdel-rahman Mohamed, George Dahl, Bhuvana Ramabhadran

7. Frame-by-frame language identification in short utterances using deep neural networks  
Pages: 49-58
Author(s): Javier Gonzalez-Dominguez, Ignacio Lopez-Moreno, Pedro J. Moreno, Joaquin Gonzalez-Rodriguez

8. Challenges in representation learning: A report on three machine learning contests  
Pages: 59-63
Author(s): Ian J. Goodfellow, Dumitru Erhan, Pierre Luc Carrier, Aaron Courville, Mehdi Mirza, Ben Hamner, Will Cukierski, Yichuan Tang, David Thaler, Dong-Hyun Lee, Yingbo Zhou, Chetan Ramaiah, Fangxiang Feng, Ruifan Li, Xiaojie Wang, Dimitris Athanasakis, John Shawe-Taylor, Maxim Milakov, John Park, Radu Ionescu, Marius Popescu, Cristian Grozea, James Bergstra, Jingjing Xie, Lukasz Romaszko, Bing Xu, Zhang Chuang, Yoshua Bengio

IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, Volume 23, Number 1, February 2015

1. Guest Editorial Web-Based Intelligent Support Systems—Preface to the Special Section
Author(s): Pedrycz, W.; Lu, J.
Page(s): 1-2

2. Web-Based Medical Decision Support Systems for Three-Way Medical Decision Making With Game-Theoretic Rough Sets
Author(s): Yao, J.; Azam, N.
Page(s): 3-15

3. A Web-based Decision Support Center for Electrical Energy Companies
Author(s): Kokshenev, I.; Parreiras, R.O.; Ekel, P.Y.; Alves, G.B.; Menicucci, S.V.
Page(s): 16 - 28

4. A Fuzzy Preference Tree-Based Recommender System for Personalized Business-to-Business E-Services
Author(s): Wu, D.; Zhang, G.; Lu, J.
Page(s): 29-43

5. Linguistic Descriptions for Automatic Generation of Textual Short-Term Weather Forecasts on Real Prediction Data
Author(s): Ramos-Soto, A.; Bugarin, A.J.; Barro, S.; Taboada, J.
Page(s): 44-57

6. An Improved Direct Adaptive Fuzzy Controller of an Uncertain PMSM for Web-Based E-Service Systems
Author(s): Zhou, C.; Quach, D.; Xiong, N.; Huang, S.; Zhang, Q.; Yin, Q.; Vasilakos, A.V.
Page(s): 58-71

7. Online Comment-Based Hotel Quality Automatic Assessment Using Improved Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation and Fuzzy Cognitive Map
Author(s): Wei, X.; Luo, X.; Li, Q.; Zhang, J.; Xu, Z.
Page(s): 72-84

8. Observer-Biased Fuzzy Clustering
Author(s): Fazendeiro, P.; de Oliveira, J.V.
Page(s): 85-97

9. Theory of Generalized Fuzzy Discrete-Event Systems
Author(s): Nie, M.; Tan, W.W.
Page(s): 98-110

10. Fuzzy Rating Scale-Based Questionnaires and Their Statistical Analysis
Author(s): de la Rosa de Saa, S.; Gil, M.A.; Gonzalez-Rodriguez, G.; Lopez, M.T.; Lubiano, M.A.
Page(s): 111-126

11. Cauchy-Like Functional Equation Based on Continuous T-Conorms and Representable Uninorms
Author(s): Qin, F.
Page(s): 127-138

12. Fault Detection and Isolation for a Class of Uncertain State-Feedback Fuzzy Control Systems
Author(s): Yang, G.-H.; Wang, H.
Page(s): 139-151

13. Leader-Based Optimal Coordination Control for the Consensus Problem of Multiagent Differential Games via Fuzzy Adaptive Dynamic Programming
Author(s): Zhang, H.; Zhang, J.; Yang, G.-H.; Luo, Y.
Page(s): 152-163

14. Fuzzy Logic for Adaptive Instruction in an E-learning Environment for Computer Programming
Author(s): Chrysafiadi, K.; Virvou, M.
Page(s): 164 - 177

15. Supervisory Control of Fuzzy Discrete-Event Systems for Simulation Equivalence
Author(s): Deng, W.; Qiu, D.
Page(s): 178-192

16. Adaptive Tracking Control for A Class of Nonlinear Systems With a Fuzzy Dead-Zone Input
Author(s): Liu, Z.; Wang, F.; Zhang, Y.; Chen, X.; Chen, C.L.P.
Page(s): 193-204

17. Adaptive Indirect Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller for Networked Control Systems Subject to Time-Varying Network-Induced Time Delay
Author(s): Khanesar, M.A.; Kaynak, O.; Yin, S.; Gao, H.
Page(s): 205-214

18. Error-Compensated Marginal Linearization Method for Modeling a Fuzzy System
Author(s): Wang, D.-G.; Chen, C.L.P.; Song, W.-Y.; Li, H.-X.
Page(s): 215-222

19. A Novel Observer-Based Output Feedback Controller Design for Discrete-Time Fuzzy Systems
Author(s): Zhang, J.; Shi, P.; Qiu, J.; Nguang, S.K.
Page(s): 223-229

20. Comments on "Exact Output Regulation for Nonlinear Systems Described by Takagi–Sugeno Fuzzy Models"
Author(s): Robles, R.; Bernal, M.
Page(s): 230-233